oracle sequences

Oracle sequence
Oracle sequence is a database object that is used to generate unique numbers,It is mainly used for primary key values.
Syntax
Syntax for creating sequence is

CREATE SEQUENCE sequence

INCREMENT BY number

START WITH number

MAXVALUE number

MINVALUE

CYCLE/NOCYCLE

CACHE/NOCACHE

ORDER/NOORDER

Important option need to be considered

CYCLE/NOCYCLE:If we specify cycle option while creating sequence then it will continue to generate values even after reaching it's max value. It will again start with min value. Nocycle means it will not generate value after reaching max value. Default is no cycle.

CACHE/NOCACHE : It specifies how many value oracle pre-assign and keep in memory for fast access. Nocache specifies that no value is pre-assigned. If we don’t use any option then default value is 20.

Flip side of using a sequence with cache is that if some system failure occurs then all cached values, which were not used, will be lost. For example you were using a sequence, which was, having cached value equals to 100 and oracle had used only 30 values then you will lose 70 sequence values.

Things to remember while using sequences

1. In a session sequence.nextval must be referred before using sequence.currval .if you try to use current value before using nextval in session you will get following error ORA-00904: "SEQ_TEST"."CURRENTVAL": invalid identifier.

2. In other case suppose you have insert 20 records with sequence the issue rollback then sequence will not be rolled back. Next time oracle will use 21st value. Oracle has wisely chosen this option so that multiple users can use sequence without any concern of duplicate sequence value.

3. Creating sequences with NOCACHE will have performance impact.

4. We can not use sequence when the UNION operator combines SELECT statements.

Enhancement in 11G for sequences

In 11G we can use variable assignment for sequences like
V_seq_11g := test_SEQ_11G.NEXTVAL;
For doing same in 10G and prior we have to use SELECT TEST_SEQ_10G.NEXTVALINTO v_seq_10g FROM DUAL;